What is Shoulder Dystocia?
Shoulder dystocia is a childbirth complication that occurs when a baby’s shoulder gets lodged against the mother’s pelvis during delivery. Although many cases end without injury, shoulder dystocia can cause serious injuries, like Erb's palsy and other brachial plexus injuries, if medical providers do not handle the situation correctly.
Birth injuries caused by shoulder dystocia can include:
Brachial plexus injury
Shoulder dystocia can cause a baby to suffer from brachial plexus injury, which is an injury to the bundle of nerves that runs from the neck down to the arm. The most common symptom of brachial plexus injury is decreased movement in the affected arm and hand, as well as muscle weakness and atrophy. In severe cases, a baby may also experience numbness or paralysis in the affected arm.
Fractured clavicle
Shoulder dystocia can also cause a baby’s clavicle (collarbone) to fracture during delivery. This type of fracture is known as a fractured clavicle, and it is usually accompanied by swelling and pain in the affected area. In some cases, a fractured clavicle may require surgery to repair it.
Hypoxia
Shoulder dystocia can also lead to hypoxia, which is when there is not enough oxygen reaching the baby’s brain due to compression of their umbilical cord during delivery. Hypoxia can lead to permanent neurological damage if not treated quickly, so it is important that medical professionals are able to recognize signs of shoulder dystocia in order to prevent this complication from occurring.
Maternal injury
Shoulder dystocia can also cause injury to the mother during delivery due to excessive force being used on her body while attempting to deliver her baby safely. Common maternal injuries associated with shoulder dystocia include lacerations or tears in the vagina or perineum, as well as uterine rupture or bladder rupture caused by excessive pressure during delivery attempts.